Viscose, a semi-synthetic fabric beloved for its silky drape and breathability, presents a recurring question to consumers: does it only shrink once? The answer, unfortunately, isn’t a straightforward “yes” or “no.” Understanding viscose shrinkage requires delving into the fabric’s properties, manufacturing process, and how it reacts to different washing and drying methods. Many believe the misconception that it only shrinks once stems from a single intense shrinkage event after the first wash. However, the reality is more nuanced and often depends on a confluence of factors.
Understanding Viscose: A Fabric Prone to Shrinkage
Viscose, also known as rayon, is derived from cellulose, typically wood pulp. The cellulose undergoes a chemical process to be transformed into a solution that is then forced through spinnerets to create fibers. These fibers are then spun into yarn and woven or knitted into fabric. This manufacturing process is what gives viscose its desirable qualities but also contributes to its inherent tendency to shrink.
The fiber structure of viscose is inherently weaker when wet. Water molecules can easily penetrate the fibers, causing them to swell. As the fabric dries, the fibers often contract and return to a smaller size than their original dimensions. This is the essence of viscose shrinkage.
The amount of shrinkage is not uniform. It varies significantly based on several variables which are all very important.
Factors Influencing Viscose Shrinkage
Several factors determine the extent to which viscose shrinks. These factors include the fabric’s construction, the type of viscose, the washing method, and the drying method. Addressing these factors leads to a higher likelihood of avoiding shrinkage.
The fabric’s construction refers to how the yarns are woven or knitted together. Loosely woven or knitted viscose fabrics are more prone to shrinkage because the fibers have more room to move and contract. Tightly woven fabrics offer more stability and may exhibit less shrinkage.
There are different types of viscose, including modal and lyocell (Tencel). Modal and lyocell are considered improved versions of viscose. They are produced with a more environmentally friendly process and possess better wet strength, making them less prone to shrinkage than traditional viscose.
The washing method plays a critical role. Washing viscose in hot water and using harsh detergents can exacerbate shrinkage. Similarly, the drying method is important. High heat from a dryer is particularly damaging and can cause significant shrinkage.
Debunking the “Shrinks Once” Myth
The notion that viscose only shrinks once is a dangerous oversimplification. While it’s true that the most significant shrinkage often occurs during the first wash, subsequent washes can still cause further, albeit less dramatic, shrinkage.
This is because the fibers may not fully contract during the initial wash. Some residual swelling and contraction can occur with each subsequent exposure to water and heat. While the amount of shrinkage diminishes with each wash, it’s not accurate to assume that it stops entirely after the first wash.
The “shrinks once” myth might originate from the noticeable difference in size after the first wash. The initial shrinkage can be quite significant, leading people to believe that the process is complete. However, this belief can lead to complacency in subsequent washes, potentially resulting in further unwelcome shrinkage.
Practical Tips to Minimize Viscose Shrinkage
Even though viscose has a tendency to shrink, there are several precautions you can take to minimize its effects and prolong the life of your garments. These practices primarily revolve around gentle washing and careful drying.
Washing Wisely
Always check the garment’s care label. The manufacturer’s instructions are the best guide for how to wash and dry the specific item.
Hand washing is the gentlest method for cleaning viscose. Use cool or lukewarm water and a mild detergent specifically designed for delicate fabrics. Avoid harsh detergents and bleach, as they can damage the fibers and increase the risk of shrinkage. Gently swirl the garment in the water, avoid twisting or scrubbing it.
If using a washing machine, choose the delicate or hand-wash cycle. Use a mesh laundry bag to protect the garment from excessive agitation. Again, use cool or lukewarm water and a mild detergent. It is crucial to reduce the amount of agitation.
Avoid over-washing viscose garments. Washing them only when necessary can help minimize the cumulative effects of water and detergent exposure. If the garment is only slightly soiled, consider spot cleaning instead of washing the entire item.
Drying with Care
High heat is the enemy of viscose. Avoid putting viscose garments in the dryer. The high heat can cause significant shrinkage and damage the fibers.
The best way to dry viscose is to air dry it. Lay the garment flat on a clean, dry surface or hang it on a padded hanger away from direct sunlight. Avoid using clothespins, as they can leave marks on the fabric.
If you absolutely must use a dryer, choose the lowest heat setting and remove the garment while it is still slightly damp. Then, lay it flat to finish drying. However, even on low heat, there’s still a risk of some shrinkage.
Steaming can help relax the fibers and remove wrinkles without causing shrinkage. Use a steamer on a low setting and keep the nozzle moving to avoid overheating any one area. Ironing, if necessary, should be done on a low setting with a pressing cloth.
Other preventative measures
Consider pre-shrinking the fabric before sewing. If you are working with viscose fabric for a sewing project, pre-washing and drying the fabric using the gentlest method can help minimize shrinkage after the garment is made.
Choose garments made from modal or lyocell. As previously mentioned, these types of viscose are more stable and less prone to shrinkage than traditional viscose. They are often labeled as Tencel which is the trademarked name for lyocell.
Buy garments slightly larger than needed. Knowing that viscose tends to shrink, buying a size up can compensate for potential shrinkage and ensure a comfortable fit even after washing.
What to Do If Your Viscose Garment Shrinks
Despite your best efforts, your viscose garment may still shrink. Fortunately, there are a few methods you can try to stretch it back to its original size. However, keep in mind that these methods may not always be successful, and there’s always a risk of further damage.
One common method involves soaking the garment in lukewarm water with a mild hair conditioner. The conditioner helps to relax the fibers, making them more pliable. Gently stretch the garment while it’s still wet, and then lay it flat to dry.
Another method involves using a steamer to relax the fibers. Steam the garment thoroughly and then gently stretch it while it’s still damp. Lay it flat to dry.
These methods are best used with caution. Always test the method on a small, inconspicuous area of the garment first to ensure that it doesn’t cause any damage or discoloration.
The Long-Term Effects of Washing Viscose
Repeated washing, even with gentle methods, can gradually degrade viscose fibers. The fibers can become weaker and more prone to damage. This can lead to changes in the garment’s texture, drape, and overall appearance.
Fading is another common issue with viscose. Repeated washing can cause the dyes to fade, especially if the garment is exposed to sunlight or harsh detergents. To minimize fading, wash viscose garments inside out and use a detergent specifically designed for delicate fabrics.
Pilling can also occur with repeated washing. Pilling is the formation of small balls of fiber on the surface of the fabric. To minimize pilling, avoid washing viscose garments with abrasive items such as towels or jeans.
Conclusion: Viscose Shrinkage – A Continuous Process
In conclusion, the idea that viscose only shrinks once is a fallacy. While the most significant shrinkage usually occurs during the first wash, subsequent washes can still cause further shrinkage, albeit to a lesser extent. Understanding the factors that influence viscose shrinkage and adopting gentle washing and drying practices are crucial for preserving the life and appearance of your viscose garments.
By debunking the “shrinks once” myth and implementing the suggested tips, you can enjoy the beauty and comfort of viscose without the constant worry of drastic size changes. Remember to always prioritize gentle care and to consider the long-term effects of washing on the fabric’s overall quality.
Always treat your viscose garments with care and attention.
Does Viscose Only Shrink Once?
Viscose, a semi-synthetic fabric, is known for its tendency to shrink. While it’s a common belief that viscose only shrinks after the first wash, this isn’t always the case. Factors such as the quality of the fabric, how it was treated during manufacturing, and your washing and drying methods all play a role. Generally, significant shrinkage is most likely to occur during the first cleaning, but subsequent washes can still cause further, albeit often less dramatic, shrinkage.
The amount of shrinkage after the initial wash depends heavily on the care you give the garment. High heat, aggressive washing cycles, and tumble drying are notorious culprits for continuing to shrink viscose even after it’s been washed before. If you wash viscose garments gently, air dry them, or use a cool dryer setting, you can minimize the risk of continued shrinkage over multiple washes.
What Precautions Can I Take to Minimize Viscose Shrinkage?
The best way to minimize viscose shrinkage is to treat it with extreme care during washing and drying. Hand washing in cool water is the gentlest option, or if machine washing, use a delicate cycle and cool water temperature. Avoid using harsh detergents or bleach, as these can weaken the fibers and increase the likelihood of shrinkage.
When it comes to drying, air drying is your best bet. Lay the garment flat on a clean towel or hang it on a padded hanger away from direct sunlight. If you must use a dryer, choose the lowest heat setting and remove the garment while it is still slightly damp to prevent over-drying and further shrinkage.
How Much Can Viscose Shrink on Average?
Viscose is known to shrink more than many other fabrics. Typically, viscose can shrink anywhere from 3% to 7% after the first wash. This means a garment that’s initially 20 inches long could potentially shrink by up to 1.4 inches.
However, the actual amount of shrinkage can vary depending on several factors. As mentioned before, these factors include the quality of the viscose, the weaving method used, and the care instructions followed during washing and drying. Some viscose blends may shrink less, while others may shrink more.
Does Steaming Viscose Affect Shrinkage?
Steaming viscose can actually be beneficial in preventing or reversing some shrinkage. Unlike high heat from an iron or dryer, steam gently relaxes the fibers of the fabric. This can help to ease out wrinkles and potentially restore the garment to its original shape after minor shrinkage has occurred.
However, it’s crucial to use the steamer correctly. Keep the steamer moving and avoid concentrating the steam on one spot for too long, as this could potentially damage the fabric. After steaming, allow the garment to air dry completely to avoid any further shrinkage issues.
Can Viscose Garments Be Stretched Back to Their Original Size After Shrinking?
It is possible to stretch viscose garments back to their original size, but it requires patience and caution. Gently soaking the garment in lukewarm water can help relax the fibers, making them more pliable. After soaking, carefully stretch the garment back into its original shape while it’s still damp.
Lay the garment flat on a towel and weigh down the edges with books or other heavy objects to maintain the stretched shape as it dries. Alternatively, you can gently pull and reshape the garment periodically as it air dries. However, avoid excessive pulling or stretching, as this could damage the fibers and cause permanent distortion.
Is Viscose More Prone to Shrinkage Compared to Other Fabrics Like Cotton or Polyester?
Yes, viscose generally shrinks more than fabrics like cotton or polyester. Cotton, especially pre-shrunk cotton, tends to be more stable and resistant to shrinkage. Polyester, being a synthetic fiber, is inherently less prone to shrinking than natural or semi-synthetic fibers.
Viscose’s tendency to shrink stems from its manufacturing process. The wood pulp used to create viscose fibers can lose its shape when wet, leading to significant shrinkage, especially when exposed to heat. This makes viscose more delicate and requiring more care than garments made from cotton or polyester.
Are Viscose Blends Less Likely to Shrink Compared to 100% Viscose Fabrics?
Yes, viscose blends often shrink less compared to 100% viscose fabrics. When viscose is blended with more stable fibers like polyester or cotton, the overall shrinkage is typically reduced. The other fibers help to maintain the garment’s shape and prevent the viscose from shrinking excessively.
The specific amount of shrinkage in a viscose blend will depend on the percentage of viscose in the fabric and the characteristics of the other fibers used. Always check the care label for specific instructions and recommendations for washing and drying to minimize the risk of shrinkage, even with blended fabrics.