Parmesan cheese. Just the name conjures images of steaming pasta, rich risottos, and crispy gratins. But not all Parmesan is created equal. The grocery store aisle is brimming with options, from pre-grated containers to imposing wedges, each promising a taste of Italian authenticity. So, how do you navigate this cheesy labyrinth and find the best Parmesan brand for your culinary adventures? This comprehensive guide will delve into the world of Parmesan, exploring the nuances of production, flavor profiles, and price points to help you make an informed decision.
Understanding Parmesan: A Deep Dive
Before we dive into specific brands, it’s crucial to understand what makes Parmesan, well, Parmesan. Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, the king of cheeses, hails exclusively from a specific region in Italy, encompassing Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna (only to the left of the Reno river), and Mantua (only to the right of the Po river). This geographically protected designation ensures adherence to strict production standards.
The Art of Parmigiano-Reggiano Production
The creation of Parmigiano-Reggiano is a time-honored tradition. It starts with raw cow’s milk, often a blend of milk from two milkings: one from the evening and one from the morning. This milk is then carefully heated and coagulated using natural whey starter. The resulting curd is cut into small pieces and cooked, then gathered into large wheels.
These wheels are submerged in brine for several weeks, absorbing salt and developing their characteristic flavor. Finally, they are aged for a minimum of 12 months, often much longer, allowing the complex flavors to mature. The aging process is crucial, as it develops the cheese’s characteristic granular texture and nutty, savory notes.
What to Look For: Signs of Quality
When searching for authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, look for the official rind markings. These markings, often stamped into the rind, include the name “Parmigiano-Reggiano,” the dairy’s production number, and the month and year of production. These markings are your guarantee of authenticity and adherence to the PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) standards.
The texture should be granular and slightly crystalline, not smooth or waxy. The aroma should be complex and inviting, with hints of nuts, fruit, and grass. The flavor should be a balance of savory, salty, and slightly sweet, with a lingering finish.
American Parmesan: A Different Breed
While authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano reigns supreme, American Parmesan offers a more budget-friendly alternative. However, it’s important to understand the differences. American Parmesan typically uses pasteurized milk and often has a shorter aging period. This results in a milder flavor and a smoother texture compared to its Italian counterpart.
Key Differences: Production and Flavor
The use of pasteurized milk in American Parmesan contributes to its milder flavor. Pasteurization kills bacteria, which can affect the development of complex flavors during aging. The shorter aging period also limits the development of the granular texture and intense flavor profile characteristic of Parmigiano-Reggiano.
Navigating American Parmesan Options
When choosing American Parmesan, opt for brands that use high-quality ingredients and have a relatively long aging period. Read the label carefully to understand the ingredients and production methods. Freshly grated American Parmesan will always offer a superior flavor compared to pre-grated options.
Comparing Brands: A Taste Test
Now, let’s delve into a comparison of specific Parmesan brands, focusing on both authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano and readily available American Parmesan options.
Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano Brands
Several reputable brands import authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano into the United States. These brands often source their cheese from specific dairies in Italy known for their quality and craftsmanship.
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Reggiano Consorzio: This is not a brand, but a consortium that regulates Parmigiano-Reggiano production. Looking for the consortium stamp guarantees authenticity. Reputable brands will always display this. The flavor profile is typically intense, nutty, and complex, with a lingering savory finish.
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Ambriola: Known for sourcing from high-quality producers, Ambriola Parmigiano-Reggiano offers a consistently excellent flavor and texture. Expect a well-balanced flavor profile and a slightly crystalline texture.
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BelGioioso: While known for other Italian cheeses, BelGioioso also offers imported Parmigiano-Reggiano. Their cheese is often aged for at least 24 months, resulting in a rich and flavorful experience.
When selecting a brand of Parmigiano-Reggiano, consider where you plan to purchase it. Specialty cheese shops and gourmet grocery stores are more likely to carry a wider selection and offer samples.
American Parmesan Brands
The American Parmesan landscape is vast and varied. Here are a few brands to consider, along with their distinguishing characteristics:
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Kraft: A household name, Kraft Parmesan is widely available and budget-friendly. However, it’s important to note that it’s typically aged for a shorter period and has a milder flavor compared to other options. It’s a good option for everyday use, but not for showcasing the cheese’s flavor.
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Sargento: Sargento Parmesan offers a step up in quality from Kraft. Their cheese is generally aged for a longer period and has a slightly more pronounced flavor. They offer both shredded and grated options, providing versatility for different culinary applications.
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BelGioioso: As mentioned earlier, BelGioioso also produces American Parmesan. Their American Parmesan tends to be of higher quality than other readily available American brands, offering a richer flavor profile and a better texture.
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Stella: Another widely available brand, Stella Parmesan provides a decent balance of price and flavor. Look for their aged Parmesan for a more intense flavor experience.
When choosing American Parmesan, consider the intended use. For sprinkling on pizza or mixing into pasta sauce, a pre-grated option may suffice. However, for dishes where the Parmesan flavor is more prominent, opt for a wedge and grate it fresh.
Factors to Consider: Price, Flavor, and Usage
Ultimately, the “best” Parmesan brand depends on your individual preferences, budget, and intended use. Consider the following factors when making your decision:
Price Point
Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano is generally more expensive than American Parmesan due to its strict production standards and longer aging period. If you’re on a tight budget, American Parmesan can be a suitable alternative, but be prepared for a milder flavor.
Flavor Profile
Parmigiano-Reggiano offers a complex and intense flavor profile, with nutty, savory, and slightly sweet notes. American Parmesan tends to be milder and less nuanced. Choose a brand that aligns with your flavor preferences and the dish you’re preparing.
Intended Use
For dishes where the Parmesan flavor is a key component, such as Parmesan risotto or cacio e pepe, authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano is the clear choice. For everyday use, such as sprinkling on pizza or adding to pasta sauce, American Parmesan may be sufficient.
Tips for Storing Parmesan
Proper storage is essential for preserving the flavor and texture of Parmesan cheese.
Storing a Wedge
Wrap the Parmesan wedge tightly in plastic wrap and store it in the refrigerator. You can also wrap it in cheese paper and then in plastic wrap for extra protection.
Storing Grated Parmesan
Store grated Parmesan in an airtight container in the refrigerator. It’s best to use freshly grated Parmesan within a few days for optimal flavor. Pre-grated Parmesan often contains cellulose to prevent caking, which can affect its texture and flavor.
The Verdict: Choosing Your Champion
There’s no single “best” Parmesan brand. The ideal choice depends on your personal taste, budget, and culinary needs. For an unparalleled flavor experience, authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano is worth the investment. Brands like Ambriola and BelGioioso consistently deliver exceptional quality. For more budget-friendly options, consider Sargento or Stella American Parmesan, opting for aged varieties whenever possible. Ultimately, the best way to find your favorite Parmesan brand is to experiment and taste different options. Happy grating!
What exactly is Parmesan cheese and what makes it unique?
Parmesan cheese, specifically Parmigiano-Reggiano, is a hard, granular cheese originating from Italy. Its production is strictly regulated in the provinces of Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna (west of the Reno River), and Mantua (south of the Po River). The cheese is made from unpasteurized cow’s milk and aged for a minimum of 12 months, though it is often aged for 24 months or longer.
The unique characteristics of Parmigiano-Reggiano stem from its production process and terroir. The specific breed of cows, their diet, and the cheesemaking techniques all contribute to its distinct flavor profile, characterized by nutty, savory, and slightly fruity notes. The aging process allows for the development of complex amino acids and crystals, adding to its texture and depth of flavor.
What are the different grades or types of Parmesan cheese available?
The primary distinction in Parmesan lies between authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, produced under strict DOP (Denominazione di Origine Protetta) regulations in Italy, and Parmesan-style cheeses made elsewhere. Parmigiano-Reggiano bears a rind embossed with the DOP seal, guaranteeing its origin and production methods.
Other Parmesan cheeses, often labeled “Parmesan” or “Parmesan Cheese,” may be produced in the United States or other countries using different methods and milk sources. These versions often have a milder flavor, softer texture, and may contain additives. Grated Parmesan is also widely available, but its quality can vary significantly; it often contains cellulose to prevent caking, which can affect its flavor and texture.
How can I tell if Parmesan cheese is truly authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano?
Authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano can be identified by several key characteristics. The rind will be stamped with the official DOP seal, which includes the name “Parmigiano-Reggiano” in a dotted pattern along with the production date and code number of the dairy. This seal guarantees that the cheese was produced according to strict Italian regulations.
Another way to verify authenticity is to examine the cheese’s interior texture. True Parmigiano-Reggiano will have a granular, crystalline structure that crumbles easily. Look for small, white calcium lactate crystals, often referred to as “tyrosine crystals,” which indicate proper aging and are a sign of high quality. The flavor should be complex and nutty, with a slightly sharp finish.
What are the key factors to consider when choosing a brand of Parmesan cheese?
When selecting a brand of Parmesan cheese, the most important factor is authenticity if you desire the true Parmigiano-Reggiano experience. Look for the DOP seal to ensure it’s genuine Italian cheese. Consider the age of the cheese, as longer aging generally results in a more intense and complex flavor profile.
Beyond authenticity, flavor preference and intended use also play a role. Some brands may have a saltier or more pronounced nutty flavor than others. Consider whether you prefer a bolder taste for grating over pasta or a more subtle flavor for shaving into salads. Also, be mindful of price, as authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano tends to be more expensive due to its production methods and regulations.
What are some popular and highly-rated brands of Parmesan cheese that are widely available?
For authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, look for brands imported directly from Italy. Many specialty cheese shops and high-end grocery stores carry reputable brands like Reggiano, Ambrosi, and BelGioioso (although BelGioioso also produces domestic Parmesan). These brands adhere to the strict DOP standards and offer a consistent quality.
For domestic Parmesan, brands like Sartori and Stella offer well-regarded options. Sartori’s SarVecchio Parmesan is often praised for its rich flavor and creamy texture, while Stella’s Parmesan is a more widely available and affordable choice. These brands may not have the same complexity as authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, but they can still be excellent for everyday use.
How should I properly store Parmesan cheese to maintain its quality and freshness?
Parmesan cheese, especially a large wedge of Parmigiano-Reggiano, should be stored properly to prevent it from drying out and losing its flavor. The best method is to wrap the cheese tightly in parchment paper, then in plastic wrap. This allows the cheese to breathe slightly while still protecting it from excessive moisture loss.
Store the wrapped Parmesan in the refrigerator’s cheese drawer or a similar cool, dark location. Avoid storing it in the crisper drawer, as the humidity levels can be too high. Properly stored, a wedge of Parmigiano-Reggiano can last for several weeks or even months. Grated Parmesan should be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator and used within a week or two.
Can Parmesan cheese be used in different ways in cooking besides just grating over pasta?
Absolutely, Parmesan cheese is a versatile ingredient that extends far beyond simply grating it over pasta. Shaved Parmesan can be a beautiful addition to salads, providing a salty and savory counterpoint to fresh greens and vegetables. It can also be incorporated into cheese boards, paired with fruits, nuts, and other cheeses.
Furthermore, Parmesan rinds can be used to add depth of flavor to soups, stews, and sauces. Simmer the rind in the liquid while cooking and remove it before serving. Parmesan can also be used in baked goods, such as Parmesan crisps or biscuits, adding a salty and umami element. Its distinctive flavor enhances a wide range of dishes.